Business plans 

What does a complex plan consist of? How to create a complex text outline. Drawing up a business plan yourself

Keep in mind that most work plans are for a specific period of time (eg 6 months or 1 year).

  • In the workplace, a work plan helps the boss know what the employee will be working on over the next few months. This plan is typically created immediately after the annual performance review or before the team begins a large project. The work plan may also be the result of a strategic planning meeting that the organization holds at the beginning of the calendar or fiscal year.
  • In the academic field, a work plan can help students create a work schedule for a large project. It can also help instructors plan course materials for the semester.
  • For a personal project, a work plan will help you describe what needs to be done, how you plan to do it, and by what date you plan to complete it. A personal work plan, although not required, will help you keep track of your goals and achievements.

Write an introduction and the outline of the outline. In a professional work plan, you will need to write an introduction and body. This will give your supervisor or manager the information needed to implement the work plan. Writing an outline and framework is generally not necessary for an academic work plan.

  • The introduction should be catchy and short. Remind your boss why you are writing this work plan. Introduce the specifics of the project(s) you will be working on during this period of time.
  • The premises need to highlight the reasons why you are creating this work plan. For example, lay out details or statistics from recent reports, highlight goals that need to be achieved, or list recommendations or reports you've received from past work projects.

  • Define goals and objectives. Goals and objectives are interrelated, and both of these aspects indicate the things you hope to accomplish as you complete your work plan. However, also remember the difference between the two; goals are more general, and tasks are more specific.

  • Be purpose-driven in your work plan "SMART". SMART is an acronym used by individuals who strive for more realistic, practical results from a work plan.

    • Specifics(Specific). What exactly will we do and for whom? Think about what segment of the population you will provide services for and what exactly you will do to help these people.
    • Measurability(Measurable). Can this be measured and assessed? Can you count the results? Have you structured the work plan so that "health levels in southern Africa will improve in 2020?" or have you structured it so that “incidence of HIV/AIDS among newborns in southern Africa will decrease by 20% by 2020?”
      • Remember that basic data must be quantifiable, written in numbers. Unless you know the HIV/AIDS incidence rate among newborns in southern Africa, it would be impossible to say with certainty that the rate has decreased by 20%.
    • Reachability(Attainable). Can we do it in the time available given the resources available to us? Given the difficulties, the challenge must be realistic. A 500% increase in sales is only possible if you are a small company. For a company that dominates a market, increasing sales by 500% is almost impossible.
      • In some cases, you need to consult with experts or connoisseurs to make sure that the objectives of your work plan are realistic.
    • Relevance(Relevant). Will this task be effective for the desired goal and strategy? Yes, it is important for overall health to measure the height and weight of high school students, but will this lead to directly to changes in mental health? Make sure that tasks and methods are clearly and clearly related to each other.
    • Limited time(Time-bound). When will the task be completed and/or when will we know it is done? Set an end date for the project. State the conditions that at a certain income, when all results are achieved, the project ends prematurely.

  • Create a list of resources. Include everything that will be necessary to complete your tasks and goals. Depending on the purpose of the work plan, resources will vary.

    • For example, in the workplace, resources may include a financial budget, personnel, consultants, buildings or rooms, and books. A detailed budget may be unnecessary if your work plan is more formal.
    • In the academic field, resources may include access to various libraries; research materials such as books, newspapers and magazines; access to a computer and the Internet; professors and individuals who can help you if you have questions.

    • The form of writing in the form of a plan helps to recall the content of what you read.

    There are several types of plans: question, title, thesis, plan - reference diagram.

    Question plan. Written in the form of questions to the text; Each information center of the text corresponds to one question. When drawing up a question plan, it is advisable to use interrogative words, and not phrases with the particle whether (for example: How.., How much.., When.., Why... etc., but not Is there..., Has he come ... and so on.).

    Thesis plan- a plan from theses of the verb structure (for example: Many animals and birds use sounds that we cannot hear).

    Thesis- this is a briefly formulated main position of a paragraph, the text of a lecture, report, etc. Theses usually coincide with the informative center of the paragraph. Theses can be secondary or original. Secondary abstracts are used to highlight the main information of a source (for example, a textbook, scientific article or monograph). Original abstracts are written as the primary text for an upcoming presentation at a seminar, conference or congress.

    Name plan- a plan from the theses of the nominative system (for example: The use of inaudible sounds by animals and birds).

    Plan- the supporting scheme consists of supports - words and sentence fragments that carry the greatest semantic load. Using the supports, you can easily reconstruct the text of a speech or report. The choice of supports may depend on the characteristics of the writer’s memory, his goals and objectives.

    What is an expanded and compressed text outline?

    A detailed content plan is drawn up for dissertations, theses, and various studies.

    The detailed plan is implemented by dividing the text into compositional blocks: introduction, main part, conclusion. The expanded plan formally expresses the development of the logic of thought.

    Introduction- this is the formulation of a research problem, a presentation of the initial data necessary for the reader about the subject of speech, the research problem, and the author’s assessment of ways to solve it.

    Main part is devoted to disclosure, detailing, and proof of the main provisions of the work. First, information of an overview nature is given, then new information is given. Information about the results of the study is provided and explained.

    Conclusion (conclusions)- this is a summary statement of the main conceptual content of the work, as well as a brief formulation of the main conclusions.

    The plan of collapsed (compressed) content is represented by the title of the work, abstract and table of contents.

    Principles of text rubrication

    1) dividing the text into component parts, graphically separating one part from another;

    2) use of headings, numbering, etc.

    In a scientific work, headings should reflect the logic of scientific research.

    Paragraph division of the text can be combined with numbering - a numerical or alphabetic designation of the sequence of arrangement of parts of the text.

    The most commonly used are two numbering systems.

    1. Use of different types of characters: Roman and Arabic numerals, uppercase and lowercase letters, indents.

    With this approach, the notation system is built in a descending manner:

    A... B... C... - I... II... III... - 1... 2... 3... - 1)... 2)... 3 )... - a B C)...

    In this case, the following order is observed:

    A) serial numbers of parts are indicated in words (part one);

    B) section numbers are indicated in capital letters of the Russian alphabet
    (for example: section A);

    C) chapter numbers - in Roman numerals (Chapter I);

    D) paragraph numbers - in Arabic numerals (§ 1).

    For example:

    Part one. General provisions
    Section A. Language and speech
    Chapter I. Language
    § 1. Speaking about language we mean: 1)....

    2. Use only Arabic numerals in certain combinations.

    With such a rubrication system, the numbers of the largest parts of a scientific work consist of one digit, the numbers of the component parts - of two digits, and the third level of division of the text - of three digits. For example:

    1. 2. 3. (1 - section number, 2 - chapter number, 3 - paragraph number).

    Using such a numbering system allows you to avoid using the words part, section, chapter, paragraph, etc. etc.

    Important Note:

    In the list, the text of the headings, written in letters and numbers with dots, begins in capital letters: 1. Language; 2. Speech;

    Lowercase letters are used after headings formatted with numbers and letters with brackets: 1) new and old; 2) old and new.

    The third important means of categorizing text is the use of headings and subheadings. The title is a structural element of the text. It allows you to reflect in an extremely brief form the theme of a scientific work, and often its main idea. The title must correspond to the content, be brief, unambiguous and consistent. An informative title is an extremely brief summary of the content of a section, chapter, or paragraph.

    Categorization does not represent a rigid scheme; the choice of rubrication depends on the content and genre of the work, the logic of scientific research, traditions, as well as the individual style of the author.

    Lesson in 6th grade

    Subject: Simple and complex text outline.

    Goals:

    1.Cognitive : a) repeat the studied speech concepts (plan, topic, main idea, title, style, type of speech, micro-topics, supporting words in micro-topics);b) consolidate new concepts: thesis plan, quotation plan

    2.Practical:

    a) draw up a simple and complex plan;a) consolidate the ability to work with speech science concepts in preparation for a concise presentation;b) develop the ability to analyze text, the ability to separate basic information from secondary information.

    3. General subject: a) educate:-interest in the subject through the content of the text;-interest in history and literature;b) develop logical thinking while analyzing the meaning and structure of the text;c) develop different types of speech activity (listening, speaking, reading, writing);d) develop the ability to independently expand knowledge (use spelling and explanatory dictionaries).

    Equipment: presentation, cards, texts

    During the classes

    Stage

    Teacher activities

    Student activities

    Planned results UUD

    Motivation for activity

    Purpose of the stage: student inclusion

    into activity.

    We open the notebooks, write down the date, cool work.

    Guys, we live in a big beautiful country, Russia. This is our homeland. And every person should be proud of their homeland. To do this, you need to know your country well, its symbols, president, historical monuments, traditions and holidays.

    Tell me, how does the Russian language help you with this?

    Preparing the class for work.

    Personal results

    Self-determination (L)

    Meta-subject results

    Planning educational collaboration with teacher and peers (K)

    Update

    Purpose of the stage: preparing students' thinking

    2. Quick poll

    What is text? Subject of the text? Main thought?

    Name the features of the text-narration, descriptions, reasoning.

    What are the features of the text? Basic concepts of the text?

    During the lesson we will remember what a plan is. Why do you think we need to know this?

    (It is necessary when writing essays and presentations. With a concise presentation, we will draw up a plan to retell briefly, leaving only the most important, essential.)

    Read texts, assessment

    Answers to the question

    Meta-subject results

    Planning educational cooperation, ability to express one’s thoughts (K)

    Subject results

    Analysis of objects to identify features (P - logical)

    Setting a learning task

    Purpose of the stage: discussion of difficulties (why difficulties arose, what we do not yet know).

    1. - What is the plan? (2 minutes)

    (Simple and complex)

    Reading those 1. Reading and analysis of the text.

    Our troops attacked Berlin. The last battle of the war has begun. No matter how the fascists fought back, they could not resist. Our soldiers in Berlin began to take street by street, house by house. But the fascists still don’t give up.

    And suddenly our soldier, a kind soul, saw a little German girl on the street during a battle. Apparently, she has fallen behind her own people. And they, out of fear, forgot about her. The poor thing was left alone in the middle of the street. A thin neck is visible from the unbuttoned coat. The eyes are frightened. There are streams of tears on the cheeks, gray from dust and soot.

    And there is a terrible battle going on all around. Red fire and black smoke are blazing from all the windows; bombs explode, turning up earth and stones; houses collapse, raising columns of dust to the sky; Bullets whistle from all sides. The stone is about to crush you, kill you with a piece of shrapnel.

    Our soldier sees that the girl is missing... “Oh, you little bastard, where has this taken you, you wicked thing!...

    The soldier rushed across the street right under the bullets, picked up the German girl in his arms, shielded her from the fire with his shoulder and carried her out of the battle.

    And soon our soldiers raised the red flag over the most important house of the German capital, the Reichstag. The Nazis surrendered. Soon the war ended. We won. The world has begun.

    Simple plan.

    1. The last battle of the war.

    2. German girl.

    3. Description of the battle.

    4. The noble act of a soldier.

    5. Victory.

    What three parts can the entire text be divided into (introduction, main part, conclusion), title these parts.

    Which part has multiple microthemes? Name them.

    Making a complex plan

    Complicated plan.

    I. The last battle of the war.

    II. A noble act of a soldier.

    1. German girl.

    2. Description of the battle

    3. Saving a child.

    III. Victory.by the way.

    (2nd slide) - What plan do you think is presented on the slide?

    (In a simple plan, points are indicated by Arabic numerals, in a complex plan - by Roman and Arabic numerals or letters).

    1….

    2….

    3….

    I….

    II….

    1…

    2…

    III…

    - How does a complex plan differ from a simple one?

    (Complex plan - detailed, voluminous, detailed)

    - Where have you and I already met the plan?

    (For morphological analysis of parts of speech, drawing up characteristics of a simple and complex sentence, etc.)

    Work in pairs. (5 minutes). (Cards are given with the task: make a plan for the proposed topic.

      Speech sounds (3rd row)

      Vowels

    1. …

    2…

    II. Consonants

    1. …

    2. …

    2. Sentence (1 row)

    I. According to the purpose of the statement

    1. …

    2. …

    3. …

    II. By intonation

    1. …

    2. …

    III. By the number of grammatical bases

    1. …

    2. …

    IV. By the presence of minor members

    1. …

    2. …

    Formulate the topic, purpose and objectives of the lesson

    Meta-subject results

    Goal setting (P)

    Asking Questions (K)

    Subject results

    Independent goal formulation (P – general education)

    Formulation of the problem (P – log.

    Primary consolidation

    Purpose of the stage : students’ mastery of the correct placement of punctuation after a generalizing word before homogeneous members of a sentence.

    Physical education minute.

    Exercise 180, 181.

    Working in pairs

    Examination

    Meta-subject results

    Control (P)

    Rating (P)

    Correction (P)

    Managing your partner's behavior (K)

    Expressing your thoughts with sufficient completeness and accuracy (K)

    Subject results

    Action by analogy (P)

    Ability to structure knowledge, choose the most effective ways to solve problems (P – general education)

    Independent work with self-test according to the standard

    Purpose of the stage: students' self-assessment of their results

    educational activities

    Ex. 238 make simple and complex plans

    Checking, evaluation

    Peer verification according to the sample

    I'm checking myself

    Meta-subject results

    Control, correction, selection and awareness of what has been learned (R)

    Volitional regulation in a situation of difficulty (R)

    Personal results

    Self-determination (L)

    Reflection of activity

    Purpose of the stage: students’ awareness of their educational activities, self-assessment of the results of their own and the entire class’s activities.

    Homework

    Organizes reflection, organizes self-assessment of learning results.

    What was your goal?

    Did you manage to achieve your goal?

    How?

    What results did you get?

    1) write a complex plan from a biology textbook, 1 paragraph each

    Carry out lesson assessment and self-assessment, correlate the goal and results, the degree of their compliance

    Answer the questions:

    What was your goal?

    Managed to achieve

    Name the keywords of the topic.

    Meta-subject results

    Ability to express one's thoughts (K)

    Subject results

    Reflection (R)

    Monitoring and evaluation of the process and performance results (P)

    Personal results

    Self-esteem based on success (L)

    Adequate understanding of the reasons for success/failure in educational activities (L)

    Text plan

    • Read the text.
    • Divide the text into semantic parts (one part differs from the other in new content).
    • Re-read the first part, highlight the main thing in it. Choose a title for it.
    • So, work on other parts.
    • Write down the headings for each part (outline).
    • Check yourself:
    • read the plan;
    • look through the text;
    • make sure that the plan reflects the main thing (the main thing is not missed, the headings are not repeated, the headings help to remember the content of the story).

    Types of plan

    • Questionable
    • Nominative
    • Abstract
    • Plan - reference diagram
    • Combined

    How to correctly compose each of them?

    Let's try to do this using the example of the story “A Drop in the Sea.”

    We once caught a turtle in the sea. She was big, very big. Not a turtle, but a real house on clubbed legs.
    We put this turtle on the deck. And she suddenly burst into tears. In the morning he cries, in the evening he cries, and at lunch, too, drip-drip... The sun has rolled into the sea - the turtle is crying. She feels sorry for the sun. The stars have gone out - she cries again. She feels sorry for the stars.
    We also felt sorry for the turtle. We released her into the blue sea. Then we found out: she deceived us... She didn’t feel sorry for anything. Turtles cry because they live in the sea. The water in the sea is salty. The turtles cry out the excess salt from the water. (According to G. Tsyferov).

    Question plan

    The plan is written in the form of questions to the text. Each question is about one semantic part of the text. questions should be asked in such a way that the answers to them help to restore the content of the entire text.
    When drawing up a question plan, it is better to use interrogative words (“how”, “how much”, “when”, “why”, etc.) rather than phrases with the particle “whether” (“is there”, “did you find”, and so on.).

    For example:

    • Who was caught at sea?
    • What was the caught turtle crying about?
    • Why was the turtle really crying?

    Thesis plan

    The plan is written down in the form of abstracts*.

    *Thesis is a briefly formulated idea of ​​a paragraph or part of a text.

    Each thesis corresponds to one semantic part of the text. There are a lot of verbs in this regard.

    For example:

    • A turtle was caught in the sea.
    • The turtle cries out excess salt from the body.

    Name plan

    The plan is written in the form of abstracts that do not use verbs. In terms of names there are many nouns and adjectives.

    For example:

    • Caught turtle.
    • Turtle tears.

    Plan - reference diagram

    This plan consists of “supports”, that is, words and phrases, sentences that carry the greatest semantic load. Using the “supports” it is easy to reconstruct the text.

    The choice of “supports” depends on the characteristics of your memory, goals and tasks that you set. Each person draws up a reference diagram so that it is convenient for him to use it.

    For example:

    • Turtle
    • Tears.
    • Salt from water.

    Combined

    Such a plan can combine different types of plans.

    For example:

    • Who was caught at sea?
    • The caught turtle cries all the time.
    • The real reason for the turtle's tears.

    Few people have long-term plans. An even rarer phenomenon is the setting of life priorities and methods of their implementation, time boundaries. Making a life plan can be difficult. This is an important and time-consuming process, but necessary. After all, this is planning the main events of your life: what, how and when will happen, what results it will bring.

    Of course, such a plan is not a guarantee that everything will come true. But the very presence of life planning makes it more likely that desired things will happen, and not random ones, influenced by the emotions or decisions of other people.

    It is very important to formulate your own vision of what is happening, and not spend your whole life following imposed patterns. Making a plan means clearly thinking through high and inspiring goals for a person for 3 years, 5 years, 10 years or more. An example of the first famous person to build a plan was Benjamin Franklin.

    It is much easier to live with dreams, fulfilled and unfulfilled hopes, complain about fate or believe in luck. But this is ineffective. A plan is specific, a leap into the future, made with your own hands. There are only a few people who truly live in the future. After all, it is determined by our actions today.

    Why you need a long-term plan

    Every person has 24 hours in a day. But everyone uses them differently. What one person can accomplish in this time, another cannot accomplish even in a week. The point is the correct distribution of resources: effort and time. One will view life as a long-term project that requires attention, while the other will simply live for today, thinking little about their future, without making any plans.

    Of course, the results obtained will vary. No one wants to be a failure, mired in a routine of meaningless tasks, with zero contribution to the future. Life planning is relevant for those who want to achieve a lot, are ready to work hard and treat this with full responsibility. As they say, success is determined not by lofty and beautiful initial dreams, but by the real results of what has been achieved.

    Proper structuring is designed to create an optimal to-do list, a general vector of life that will allow you to determine your values. This approach does not at all exclude rest; on the contrary, sometimes it forces you to relax, even if you don’t want to, but there is a need for it. The use of this method develops self-control, promotes self-esteem, gives optimism and composure.

    Debunking myths about planning

    Life priorities and goals, aspirations and dreams. How can you make a plan and think about proper execution? This may seem absurd to some.

    Here are some myths that people associate with planning:

    • Systematization breeds boredom

    Fundamentally wrong judgment. Life priorities and their arrangement, a clear layout, allow you to make room for bright emotions and more events. This means the disappearance of chaos in actions.

    • Limitation of development

    If the plan is small, unattractive and with uninteresting or simply not your goals, then this creates boredom. If you colorfully describe everything you want to achieve and look at the allotted time, you realize that there is not much of it. After all, everything requires attention. Therefore, development will occur at double speed!

    • The plan cancels creativity

    You can make an action plan more than just once. It can be adjusted at least every six months, introducing a new vision of the situation. Also, no one is stopping you from creatively designing it and developing critical thinking with a variety of approaches to implementation.

    • Planning kills the enjoyment of the present.

    Many people do not know how to enjoy the present at all. If you understand how to properly plan your time, allocate resources, your activities and hobbies, free time will never harm your main goal.

    Principles for constructing a plan

    A ready-made plan for a year or more helps us, becoming a guide in the dark, when strength leaves us. Then, re-reading the important points, there is a chance to gather yourself and continue, this is a kick to action with your own hands. How to make the right plan for the year so that it expands our lives, gives us hope and freedom, and does not force us into a certain framework.

    How to plan correctly? First of all, life planning begins with making plans for today. And it ends over decades. This is a multi-step process. The entire pyramid is based on your true values. Only from them does the countdown begin.

    Basic principles:

    • Taking life length into account

    A goal achieved within a month with pleasure will bring much more benefit than through coercion and restrictions, but the result will be achieved in 2 weeks. A slow pace is safer than sprints.

    • Without pain there is no growth

    It’s reasonable to push yourself a little harder and accomplish those goals this year that will open up new prospects next year. Missing opportunities due to laziness and being afraid of stress is not for fighters.

    • Constant transformation

    If at first everything is based on a dream, then after the time during which you took actions to realize it, results appear. New people, ideas, prospects that you never even dreamed of!

    • Refusal of extra effort

    Moderation is important in everything. Pushing yourself is good, but the approach must be reasonable. It is easier and more effective to run several kilometers every day than to run a whole half marathon once a week.

    Step by step instructions

    There's nothing better than starting with how to make a plan for the year. This will help you keep your life under control, even during times of change.

    So, where to start to make a plan for a year or more:

    • Understand what role you are in

    There are important and minor aspects of your personality. Everyone plays a certain social role. You can be a student, someone's daughter and mother, and at the same time an artist, a lover, a business manager, a thinker, a mentor, a cheese lover. These are all things that fill your days. It is worth choosing those roles whose implementation is most important to you.

    • Decide what you want to be in the future

    Choose those roles that you want to develop as much as possible so that they are associated with your personality. At the same time, look at what negative aspects you have, where your energy is spent. Perhaps if you transfer energy from them to achieving your goals, the work will go faster?

    • Disassemble your motives

    There is a reason why you want to achieve certain goals, how your life priorities were formed. Try to understand what will happen, when you embody them, what emotions will arise. How important are they, and will you want to implement them throughout your life? Personally for yourself, for society or specific people. Honesty with yourself is a guarantee of success.

    • Record your findings

    Having analyzed your motives, it is easy to create your life goals and objectives in planning the future. Having realized your true values, write a list based on them.

    • Distribution of goals by category

    This is an important planning stage. It will help you not to lose sight of any important aspect of life. Write down everything you want to achieve in categories such as career/calling, family/society, knowledge/intelligence, health/spirituality.

    • Set a time frame

    After setting a specific goal, determine the exact date when you want to achieve it. Let’s say, go to Nepal for a week before June 2017, lose 5 kg by spring, develop and submit a geodesy project before the end of the fourth year.

    • Building small steps

    To move in the right direction, you need to understand how to plan to achieve your goals. The steps you need to take depend on what level you are at in the present. Do you have to start from scratch or do you already have some experience? Develop a clear strategy for achieving each goal in chronological order and prioritization.

    • Constantly check the relevance of your life plan

    Life does not stand still and neither does man. It's normal that things may change. By periodically reviewing your life planning, you can understand: are you following it or not, are you happy, are there any prerequisites for changing anything in your goals. Don’t be afraid if your life priorities have changed and you want to change something. A plan is important for tracking your successes and achievements, and updating the reasons for failures.

    A plan is needed so that a person feels better, is filled with positivity and has his own motivation, moves forward, and does not slow down.